AbstractThe migration of creative and highly skilled people has received less attention, especially at the national level, compared to all types of migration. The purpose of this research is to explain the factors that influence the location and migration decisions of creative and highly skilled human capital in the metropolises of Iran, with a focus on the metropolis of Tehran. It also aims to understand and explain the mechanism by which Tehran attracts the country's creative class. This research was carried out using the method of content analysis, and the required data and information were collected from 19 participants using the interview technique. Based on the findings, in Iran and especially in the Tehran metropolis, nine variables have the greatest impact on the location and migration decisions of creative and highly skilled human capital. They are Tolerance and Diversity, Facilities, Advantages and Distinctions, Economic and Professional Life, Culture and Lifestyle, Feeling Progressed, Personal and Family, International Atmosphere, and Obstacles and Disadvantages. Since Tehran has the upper hand in these variables, it directs the flow of the country's creative class to itself; thus, 52% of the creative class of the metropolises is concentrated in Tehran. Moving towards decentralization policies, especially from the metropolis of Tehran and balanced regional development in the country, can provide the basis for brain circulation in the country and, consequently, a relatively balanced distribution of the creative class. IntroductionLess attention has been paid to explaining the factors that influence the location and immigration decisions of the creative class in the country, and the few studies that have been carried out have tended to look at the issue through the lens of a quantitative discourse. The use of two epistemological ideas, proof and interpretation, and the comparison and combination of results from the perspective of these two different ideas in the methodology of the human sciences, can provide us with a clear understanding of the phenomenon and problem under investigation. Therefore, in addition to quantitative research, research with qualitative discourse and in-depth interviews with members of the creative class should enter into the problem and understand the spatial preferences and internal migrations of creative capital based on this method. Data and MethodTo gain a deeper and better understanding of the factors influencing the location and migration decisions of creative capital, this research uses a qualitative method based on subjective data obtained through direct interviews with members of the creative class. In this section, the unit of analysis is members of the creative capital of the metropolis of Tehran. The reason for choosing the Tehran metropolis is that 23.5% of its employees are members of the creative class and 52% of the creative class of metropolises are located in the Tehran metropolis. This question indicates that the flow of creative capital at the national level is towards the Tehran metropolis. The method of collecting subjective data in this part of the research was based on direct interviews using open-ended questions. Before conducting the direct interviews, the conditions of the reviewed codes were checked and verified. These conditions included belonging to the creative class and immigrating to the metropolis of Tehran.In this research, the selection of participants was done through purposive sampling to the point of data saturation. The aim here is not to have equal chances in the selection of community members but rather to select people with specific characteristics. In this respect, 19 people who were identified as belonging to the creative class (creative and highly skilled human capital) were selected as a sample. FindingsIn this section, the factors that influence the spatial decisions of the creative class are presented using qualitative discourse and subjective data obtained from members of the creative class. The qualitative method involves going to creative and skilled people and using the mental data obtained as a basis for analysis.From the analysis of the codes studied, 433 initial codes were extracted. The initial classification of the codes started from the first interviews and dense codes, subclasses, and primary classes were formed. The codes from each interview were compared with each other and with other previous codes and then classified based on similarities, differences, and distinctions. The classes were reviewed and compared several times by the researcher.This continuous comparison during the analysis process led to the development of classes and the placement of codes in the appropriate class. As data collection and analysis continued, some classes were merged and newer classes were created as new codes were extracted.In total, 433 primary codes were generated from interviews with people working in creative and highly skilled occupations, which were categorized into 19 sub-classes and 9 central codes or main themes. This means that the analysis of the content of the results produced 9 core codes that showed that these 9 variables have the most significant impact on the choice location and migration preferences of the creative and highly skilled human capital of Iran and especially of Tehran. Those 9 variables, in order of importance, are Tolerance and Diversity, Facilities, Advantages and Distinctions, Economic and Job Opportunities, Role of University and Scientific Community, Culture and Way of Life, Feeling and Possibility of Advancement, Personal and Family, International Atmosphere, Barriers and Disadvantages. ConclusionOverall, the explanation of the effective factors on the location and migration decisions of the creative and highly skilled class in the Iranian megacities showed that the megacity of Tehran, with its tolerance and diversity, with its amenities and servicing role of the city, with its artistic and creative atmosphere with the concentration of artists, and with the provision of economic and employment possibilities, and with the concentration of top and prestigious universities and higher education and research centers, and with the concentration of talents such as students with higher education, who to some extent are the future creative capital; Along with the concentration of top and prestigious universities and higher education and research centers and the concentration of talents such as students with higher education who are to some extent the future creative capital; and by providing a desirable culture and lifestyle of the creative capital; by inducing feelings and the possibility of progress; And having an international atmosphere, along with removing the shortcomings and obstacles (economic, cultural, managerial, etc.) compared to other parts of the country. ) compared to other parts of the country, can be attractive to creative capital. It can influence their decisions about where to work and where to live in a city. But this does not mean that Tehran's work is finished and that it does not need to improve its position. At the national level, the flow of the creative class is to Tehran, but at the international level, Tehran is losing its creative capital, which shows that Tehran's advantage in terms of creative city indicators and factors affecting the attraction of the creative class is relative, and at the international level, compared to other world cities, it has basic shortcomings.

In recent years, researchers have analyzed migration flows using several experimental methods. This research has considered economic factors (per capita GDP, unemployment rate, and poverty intensity) and environmental factors (drought index (CI)) affecting internal migration in 31 provinces of Iran during 2011-2016. The results of descriptive statistics are displayed in the ArcMap software. Moreover, considering that the location dimension has been confirmed in statistical data on internal migration and explanatory variables based on Moran's I test and in spatial models according to rho and lambda statistics, after testing different spatial models, the SEM spatial model was chosen to examine the research model. For this purpose, GeoDa and Stata software were used. The results of the spatial regression of the cross-sectional data showed that the economic indicators of GDP per capita, unemployment, and poverty intensity have a statistically significant effect on net migration in the provinces of the country. Unemployment and poverty have a negative effect, and income (gross domestic product per capita) positively affects net migration in the provinces. These results are consistent with the economic motives proposed in neoclassical theories and relative deprivation theory in internal migration. Additionally, increasing CI (avoidance of drought) as an environmental factor has positively and significantly affected net migration in the provinces. By combining this result with descriptive statistics, it can be stated that migration is one of several potential strategies for households to deal with environmental changes (drought).

Abu Hamed, Imam Mohammad Ghazali Tusi, is one of the greatest thinkers of the fifth century AH (505-450 AH). The preliminary paper seeks to recognize the excerpts from al-Ghazali's demographic thoughts about the phenomena of migration or, in his own words, "travel. " He presented his thoughts about nine years ago in the book "Islamic Revival of Sciences" and also the book of Kimia Sa'adat, which is the Persian compression of the above effect. The research method is descriptive and analytical. In this regard, we have used Ghazali's documents, materials and works to sum up the subject matter. According to research findings, he examines many aspects of the phenomenon of migration that is currently being raised. He considered immigration to be a voluntary, often short-lived phenomenon, due to various reasons, such as unfavorable economic and expensive situations, for the acquisition of various religious sciences, the verses of God on earth, recreation, and escape from the deadly diseases and that-What is the religion of the Lord. He also believes in the close connection between immigration and civilization, and in his writings he refers to historical narratives and hadiths, which is due to the ideas and beliefs of this Muslim thinker.

migration is one of the main drivers of population changes and has many positive and negative effects in short and long term, and these impacts change the social and economic structure within the migrant areas. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between net migration, income inequality and poverty in Iran. In this study, spatial causality method was used to consider the spatial characteristics of variables. The statistical population includes all the cities of Iran during the period 2006-2016. The results of this study show that the causality between net migration and income inequality is unilateral, from net migration to income inequality. Also, estimation of income inequality model by using spatial econometric method shows that the relationship between net migration and income inequality is inverse and significant. In other words, migration increases income inequality in origin cities and reduces income inequality in destination cities. The result of the spatial causality test between net migration and poverty shows that there is no causal relationship between the two variables at the study period.

Identifying the trends of movement and intra-territorial mobility of the population makes the population policies based on reliable information and existing facts. This article aimed to study and analyze the dimensions of migration and spatial mobility to rural areas of Guilan province with a geographical approach based on collecting information from all villages of the province. According to the obtained information, there are180, 467 immigrants in the form of 61, 597 households, of which 75% are temporary and reverse migrations, and 25% are permanent residents in the form of returning migrants. Reverse migrations have been mainly to the lowland villages, and the settlements of the permanent migrants have been mainly to the mountainous villages of the province. The villages of Rasht with 37. 4%, Lahijan with 7. 6%, and Rudsar with 7% have experienced the highest settlement rate in the villages, respectively. Tehran province with 47% and Isfahan with 12. 8%, Ardabil with 9. 9% and Alborz with 5. 9% are the most important migrating provinces to the villages of the Guilan. Findings showed that this population movement resulted from modernization, living disorders in densely populated cities, climate risks and water shortages in the central and southern provinces, tourism boom and leisure, and finally, retirement.

Internal migration and movement occur in response to a wide range of factors with different effectiveness. One of the important and key contexts for the formation of internal migration is spatial inequality in facilities, opportunities and development components. In this regard, the article uses the secondary analysis of the 2016 census data at the provincial and county levels to investigate the impact of youth unemployment and unequal regional development on internal migration in Iran. The results showed the spatial clusters of unemployment and underdevelopment in the country and inequality in access to economic and social resources and opportunities on the one hand, and regional differences in migration rates, on the other hand. The highest level of development and the lowest unemployment rate of young people, as well as high immigration in the central regions of the country, especially the capital. In contrast, the western, northwestern, eastern and southeastern border regions have the lowest level of development and the highest unemployment and emigration rates. Therefore, internal migration is a dynamic, multidimensional process that arises from structural conditions and regional inequalities.

1- IntroductionFamilies' movement from one neighborhood to others neighborhood inside the cities brings up obvious consequences on the formation and changing social domain inside the cities and generally on the socialspatial structure of the cities. In this regard, the entrance of settlers into the city, primary habitation and their movement in the later stages, affects the rate and direction of movements inside the cities to a great extent. Concerning the Iranian cities which are on the one hand still encountered with the wave of immigration from rural areas to urban areas and on the other hand, social-economic changes and lifestyles have made changes in the physical structure and residential patterns, studying why and how residential mobility happens is of particular importance, for accessing the rule of law governing them.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the spatial structure of international immigrants in Iran using log-linear models. For this purpose, inter-provincal migration data were analyzed in the 2011 and 2016 censuses, and then the future of the spatial structure of migration flows will be projected by 2026. Findings indicated that the overall level of inter-provincial migration has increased by four percent during the two censuses of 2011 and 2016, and, Tehran has had the largest share in the origin and destination of immigration during the last two censuses and based on the findings will maintain this position until 2026. However, migration structure has not been stable for most provinces during the two censuses. The results of interactive component analysis of provinces show that the provinces have the most interaction with their neighboring provinces. Overall, the current spatial structure and also the future perspective of internal migration in Iran is influenced by the unequal and unbalanced pattern of development in the provinces of the country. Therefore, policies that can reduce regional inequalities in the country can help to the optimal redistribution of the national population.

In Iran, annually, one million people in the country have been migrating in recent years. The paper aims to study of internal migration (between counties) in Iran using spatial approach and explain it in the context of development. We used secondary analysis of 2011 census for 397 counties. Global and local indicators of spatial association, and TOPSIS, GEODA, ARC GIS were used for data analysis. The results showed Iranian counties have different levels of development, as well as, development of counties has spatial structure and cluster distribution. According to the Global Moran's I statistic, crude migration intensity inwards (CMIIj), strongly, and crude migration intensity outwards (CMIOj), poorly, tend to concentrate clusters in space. Local Moran's test results showed that the development, positively with immigration rate and negatively with emigration rate is correlated. Although, the same pattern of relationship is not followed by all counties. The results distinguished four patterns of relationships; high-high (high development-high migration), low-low (low development-low migration), high-low (high development-low migration), and low-high (low development-high migration). And also, the relationship of development and migration is not significant for some of counties. In conclusion, if centralization and unequal development continued, movement and migration flows will continue and even increase in the future.

migration and quality of redistribution of population across country is one of the main factors that planners take into account to control population and guide its movements to economic poles. Scientific recognition of migration phenomenon is important for managing and policy making in the country. These movements change migration pattern, in a way that along with increase in population and the number of cities, urban-urban and rural-urban pattern of migration turned to be the dominant pattern of migration. This pattern was geographically influenced by regional differences and social and economic attractions of cities and villages. Unplanned movements of rural population may bring undesirable consequences to regions and improperly change the region’s morphology and spatial structure pattern of the entire region. The main purpose of this research is to investigate and understand the patterns of intra-provincial migrations during last decades and to analyze the underlying factors. The method adopted for this research is quantitative and the approach is descriptive-analytical. Research data includes intra-provincial migration data in scale of the province’s rural sub- districts (Dehestan) during 1996- 2011, which is obtained from the Statistical Center of Iran (SCI). To analyze migration data, the methods of calculating the intensity of crude migration and factor analysis were used; then, correlation of spatial structure of West-Azerbaijan province with the variables of density, distance, connection and intra-provincial migration rate was examined. The results show that spatial structure of West-Azerbaijan was unidirectional in 1996; but, the spatial distribution trend of migration during selected 15 years revealed a kind of decentralization and tended towards clustered spatial pattern. The pattern of spatial connection changed from duality model to continuity model.